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Final Essay Exam
[|Student Final Essay Exam Topics.doc]

Unit #6 French Revolution and Napoleon

 * 1) Describe the Three Estates (who was part of each one, and what rights and responsibilities did they have?)

1st Estate- {CLERGY}(nobles, parish priests) administered church, ran schools, kept birth + death records, cared for poor, colected tithe (income tax(?)), paid no taxes and owned 10% of nation's land 2nd Estate- {NOBILITY}(nobles) exempt from most taxes, only nobles could become officers in army or high church offices, some lived in near poverty 3rd Estate- {COMMONERS}(peasants, bourgeoisie, city workers) burdened by heavy taxes and tithe to church and rents to landlord, bourgeoisie called for extensive reform of taxation system, payed most taxes yet they were the poorest, had to perform unpaid services


 * 1) Who were the bourgeoisie? **wealthy french citizens who were not clergy or noblity but still considered part of the 3rd estat **
 * 2) **Identify three philosophes and explain what they believed? **
 * 3) **Why was Louis XIV known as the “Sun King”? he saw himself as the source of light and energy for the nation and as the center of everything **
 * 4) What was Louis XVI like as a ruler? he only cared about himself and didn't help the other estates
 * 5) How did people feel about Marie Antoinette and why? **most did not like her because she was oblivious to the conflicts other estates had**
 * 6) What changes did Robert Turgot suggest?
 * 7) What was the Estates General and how often did it meet?
 * 8) Why did Louis XVI call the Estates General in 1789?
 * 9) What did the deputies of the Third Estate propose at the meeting of the Estates General in 1789?
 * 10) What was the Tennis Court Oath?
 * 11) What happened on July 14th, 1789?The storming of the Bastille. A big mob marched to the Bastille looking for gunpowder.
 * 12) What was the March on Versailles and who led it? It was a women's march and it was protected/led by the national guard.
 * 13) What is the guillotine and how is it connected to the French Revolution?The guillotine was a machine created to decapitate people. The guillotine had a lard blade suspended over your head by a rope . The guillotine was widely used during the french revolution.
 * 14) What were the major ideas of the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
 * 15) What did the Civil Constitution of the Clergy do?
 * 16) What did the Constitution of 1791 not allow all citizens to do?
 * 17) What was the Reign of Terror?
 * 18) What government replaced the Reign of Terror?
 * 19) In which places did Napoleon make a name for himself as he rose to power?
 * 20) Who was he fighting in Egypt?
 * 21) What was the governing organization Napoleon overthrew to take power?
 * 22) What title did he declare himself?
 * 23) What aspects of French government and society changed under Napoleon? What aspects were like the Ancien Regime?
 * 24) What was the Napoleonic code? **a set of laws**
 * 25) What was abolished in areas under Napoeon’s control?
 * 26) Between 1804 to 1807, which European countries did Napoleon defeat in battle?
 * 27) What problems did Napoleon’s army face in Russia?
 * 28) Where was Napoleon exiled to at first? Where was he sent the second time?
 * 29) Where did Napoleon face his final defeat?

Unit #5 English Civil War
You can use this page to share you ideas on these topics:

Was the execution of Charles I justified?

In what ways could Cromwell be considered a failure?

Why should the British Columbia Social Studies 9 curriculum include the study of the English Civil War?

Unit #4 Conflict in North America
What areas of North America did France and Britain control in the fur trade? **Hudson Bay, St. Lawrence, Great Lakes ** What effect did the coureurs de bois have on the area the French traded furs in? **They expanded in to the French Area ** Who were Radisson and de Groseilliers? #2029b6**<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">Most famous coureurs de bois ** Define Rupert’s Land. **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">Territory given to The Hudson's Bay Company ** What company got the monopoly to trade in Rupert’s Land? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">The Hudson's Bay Company ** Where did the Hudson’s Bay Company initially place most of its trading forts (specifically)? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">Near river mouths near the Bay. ** ** History of the British Colonies in North America ** Name the first two British colonies in North America. **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">Jamestown, Plymouth ** Where were the 13 colonies located? (identify their location generally on a map) How did most of the British colonies govern themselves? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">Established assemblies similar to English Parliament. ** What were relations with Native Americans like for the British colonies? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">They had more conflicts than relations with the Natives. ** What resources did the British and French compete for? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">Fur trade, fishing rights, Native american allies ** What else were they in competition for? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">Land, power. ** What type of labour was common in the southern colonies?<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);"> **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">Large plantations were worked by African slaves, grew tobaco, and traded with other colonies. ** ** Acadian Expulsion ** Who were the Acadians? <span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">**French Settlers in Nova Scotia** Why were they in British territory? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">French lost to Britain including Acadia in 7 years war. ** What did a number of the governors of Nova Scotia demand the Acadians do? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">Acadian population to take oath of allegiance to the British Crown. ** How did the Acadians Respond to their demands? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">They refused. ** What event caused the British to force the issue with the Acadians? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">British Attacked French at Fort Beausejour and found nearly 200 Acadians. ** What happened at Fort Beausejour? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">Found nearly 200 armed Acadians. ** Who was Governor Lawrence? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">Governor who led his birtish army to Ft. Beausejour. ** What action did he take with regard to the Acadians? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">He gave the Acadians an ultimatium. ** ** Seven Years’ War ** What two countries fought in the Seven Years’ War? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">Britain vs France ** In what three geographic areas was there conflict between these countries? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">Ohio Valley, Acadia, and Atlantic areas of Newfoundland. ** What is Louisbourg? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">A french for in Nova Scotia ** Why was it important in the war? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">For the French to get supplies and troops, everything had to come through Fort Louisbourg since Britian is guarding the Atlantic coasts with their navy. ** What important military advantage did the British have? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">They had the largest and best navy in Europe. ** Where was Fort Duquesne and why was it significant? Who was James Wolfe? <span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">**British General that led British troops against France in America**. <span style="color: rgb(10, 10, 10);">Who was Louis-Joseph Marquis de Montcalm? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">French noble. He chose to lead and rule New France. ** Who was William Pitt and why was he an important figure in the Seven Years War? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">He was a British Prime Minister and picked Wolfe to attack Fort Louisbourg. ** What is meant by guerilla-style fighting and which side used it most? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">France used it the most. Combatants that raid, ambushes, and arson things. ** What happened at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham?**<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);"> British won over France in a very short battle. ** Who won the Seven Years’ War and where did the final surrender take place? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">Britain. in Montreal ** What did the French leadership ask for as part of the surrender? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">2 islands. St. Pieere, and Miquelon ** Explain the victory of the British over the French in North America in the Seven Years’ War. **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">The British used their navy to a great advantage, had lots of support from mother country, and some native allies like Iroquois. ** What were the two sides that fought each other in the American Revolution? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">British vs 13 Colonies .** Why was the Ohio Valley important to the 13 colonies? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">it was designed for large fur trades? ** What did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 do? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">Designed to wipe out French cultures. English law replaces France's. Religion became protestantism. Br. governor was appointed to rule. ** How did the Quebec Act negatively affect the 13 colonies?<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);"> **Ohio valley went to Quebec, allowed Catholics to be on governing councils.** Why did Britain claim it needed to tax the colonies? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">Believed in Mercantilism, money to pay for war with France. ** Identify the Stamp Act, Townshend Acts and Intolerable Acts. **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">Stamp Act required colonists to purchase and attach from British Gov. to leagal documents, news paper, etc. Townshend Acts placed taxes on tea, lead, paint, paint, paper, and glass entering colonial ports. Intolerable Acts happened after the Boston Tea party. It closed port of Bost until colonists paid for the ruined tea. **  Who was king of England during the American Revolution?<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);"> **King George the Third** What effect did the Boston Tea Party have on Britain’s attitude to the colonies? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">They started to feel America was rebelling against British. So British made more harsh laws. ** Why did the British send troops to Concord?<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);"> **They were to arrest patriots Samuel Adams and John Hancock for them to sent to trial in Britain.** What document officially began the American Revolution and what was the date it was signed? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">The Declaration of Independence. It was signed on July 4th, 1776. ** Who was the leader of the Continental Army?**<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);"> General George Washington ** What ideas of the Enlightenment helped shaped this document? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">New ideas on liberty, equality, justice and rights of American people. ** <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(32, 41, 182); font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 13, 13);">Who was Thomas Paine and how did he contribute to the revolution? **He was a British pamphleteer in America challenging the British Authority and called for independence.** What European country agreed to enter the war on the American’s side? <span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">France What happened at the Battle of Yorktown? **<span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">Washington lead his army and support of 16000 colonial French army and faced Cornwallis of Britain. Cornwallis was trapped. Surrendered his army on Oct.19, 1781 ** What country was created by the Treaty of Paris in 1783? <span style="color: rgb(32, 41, 182);">**United States of America** ** War of 1812 ** Who were the Loyalists and how were they treated? <span style="color: rgb(41, 32, 182);">**They were the ones that remained loyal to Britain and the British Empire during the American Revolution. They were treated as traitors and attacked violently by the Americans.** Where did they settle? **<span style="color: rgb(41, 32, 182);">Canada. Loyalists were in all 13 colonies too. ** What impact did they have on the British colonies of North America? **<span style="color: rgb(41, 32, 182);">Created colonies in New Brunswick and Upper Canada. ** What was the effect of the Constitution Act of 1791? **<span style="color: rgb(41, 32, 182);">Quebec was split in half to Upper Canada (Ontario) and Lower Canada (Quebec) ** Who were the “War Hawks”? <span style="color: rgb(51, 37, 157);">**Politicians who called for war.** What reasons did Americans have for wanting to go to war with Britain? <span style="color: rgb(41, 32, 182);">**To resume trading with France** Who was Tecumseh and why was he important in the War of 1812? **<span style="color: rgb(49, 19, 164);">He is the First Native Chief of Shawnee. He led an attack on settlers (Americans) ** <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(82, 0, 255); font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 13, 13);">Which fort did the British capture early in the war? **<span style="color: rgb(64, 23, 207);">Fort Michilimackinac and Fort Detroit. ** What effect did this victory have on the settlers of Upper Canada? <span style="color: rgb(41, 32, 182);">**US immigration to Canada ended. Upper Canada gained a sense of identity and community.** <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(12, 13, 12); font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Who was Laura Secord? Canadian Heroin in war of 1812. **<span style="color: rgb(41, 32, 182);">She slipped through enemy lines and warn Br. Commander from attack from the Americans. ** What event in Europe helped to speed up the end of the war? **<span style="color: rgb(41, 32, 182);">War in Europe with Britain and France was over in 1814. ** Who won the war? **<span style="color: rgb(41, 32, 182);">There was no clear winner. ** Why was the Battle of New Orleans significant in an unfortunate way?<span style="color: rgb(41, 32, 182);"> **<span style="color: rgb(41, 32, 182);">It happened 3 weeks after the War of 1812 was over. Anti-US feeling grew stronger. ** ** Essay Outline ** You will be asked to write an OUTLINE (not the complete essay) in answer to the following question: With reference to the wars that took place in North America between 1756 and 1814, identify the factors that lead to conflict and revolution. Your outline should be for an essay of five paragraphs: an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. You should include the following: ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none;"> a brief introduction with a thesis statement a topic sentence for each body paragraph point-form supporting details for each paragraph a rough conclusion
 * French & British and the fur trade **
 * American Revolution **

New France Projects

 * Michael A || Emma A-N || Allison || Anna B. || Brianna || Jonathan || Lindsay C ||
 * Gabbi || Seonaid || Bryton || Ibun || Natasha || Surhyun || Sean ||
 * John || Max || Lindsey || Sophie M. || Corbin || Mitchell || Austin ||
 * Andrea || Connor || Taylor || Emily || Anna W. ||  ||   ||

Unit Three Unit Review Questions
Vikings 1. Where were the Vikings originally from? //**Scandinavia**// 2. What time period is known as the Age of Vikings? //**800AD to 1100AD**// 3. What is believed by some to be the factor that pushed Vikings to begin raiding other parts of Europe? //**Needed Land**// 4. What method of transportation did Vikings mostly use to attack other countries? //**Long ships**// 5. In what places did Vikings make colonies that failed? //**Greenland, Vinland**// 6. In what place is there evidence that Vikings reached North America prior to other Europeans? //**L'Anse aux Meadows in Vinland**// 7. What was their interaction with the Aboriginal people like? //**The Vikings rampaged and killed every aboriginals they could find.**// 8. What type of evidence caused researchers suspect that the Vikings had reached the new world? //**Sagas or stories of Viking voyages.**//

Early European Exploration 1. Starting in the 1400s, what part of the world were many European trying to find reach? //**Asia**// 2. What items did Europeans want form this part of the world? (Name at least two) //**Spices, jewels**// 3. Give two reasons European countries had to find a sea route there. //**Fast route to riches of Asia because other groups controlled the Mediterranean sea route**// 4. What Spanish explorer succeeded in reaching the Caribbean in 1492? //**Christopher Columbus**// 5. Which Portuguese explorer was the first European to reach India by sea? //**Vasco da Gama**// 6. Which Italian explorer claimed the island of Newfoundland for the English? //**Giovanni**// //**Caboto aka. John Cabot**// 7. Which Portuguese navigator was responsible for the first globe-circling voyage? //**Ferdinand Magellan**// 8. Name the Spaniard responsible for the conquest of the Aztecs of Mexico. //**Hernan Cortes**// 9. What part of the world did Martin Frobisher explore? What was the name of the route he was looking for? //**Northeast Canada. Northwest Passage**//

Europe in early Modern Era 1. In what ways did the increase in population in the 16th century affect the people of Europe? //**Farming not very productive, great deal of uncertainty in life (**// //**war, disease, etc.), 75% of Europeans lived on farms. Poverty**// 2. How did the power of monarchs and the rise of nation-states contribute to European exploration? //**They sponsored voyages of trade and exploration**// 3. What inventions made European exploration easier? //**Improvement in Shipbuilding and Navigation - Astrolabe, quadrant,**// 4. How did religion contribute to the Age of Exploration? //**Missionaries sent Jesuits and Ursulines**//

Imperialism & Colonialism 1. Define imperialism. //**When a nation expanding by controlling weaker countries**// 2. Throughout history, for what reason have most nations established colonies? //**Mainly for economic reasons ( trade routes, advantages)**// 3. Which part of the world has dominated the most recent age of colonialism? //**Europe**// 4. What is mercantilism? What role did the European belief in mercantilism play in the colonization of North America? //**It means there is a certain amount of wealth is in the world. Europeans colonized in North America for its riches and get control of its resources.**//

John Cabot & Jacques Cartier 1. From what country did John Cabot eventually find support for his voyage to find Asia? //England// 2. What “discoveries” did Cabot make on his voyage? //**Newfoundland and fish**// 3. Cartier sailed under a royal commission from which country? //**France**// 4. Name the two First Nations villages he visited and the present-day cities that occupy those sites and be able to identify their locations on a map. //**Hochelaga, Stadacona**// 5. What reasons did the Aboriginal people he met have reasons for being upset with Cartier? //**He planted a wooden cross and claimed the land for King of France in front of the Native's chief Donnacona. He also kidnapped Donnacona and his two sons.**// 6. What illness did Cartier and his men face? //**Scurvy - Lack of Vitamin C**// 7. Who provided them with a cure? //**Natives made tea for the men which cured them**// 8. What two accomplishments were the lasting impacts of Cartier’s voyages? **Charted St. Lawrence river and gave France a claim on mainland.**

Champlain Early French Settlement 1. What two items did Europeans initially want to obtain in North America? //**Beaver fur and fish**// 2. Why did advantage would be gained by settling in North America? //**Staying through winter gave trade advantage**// 3. What is a trade monopoly? //**Exclusive rights to trade in an area**// 4. Where did Champlain first settle? (locate on a map) //**Ile Ste. Croix on bay of Fundy**// 5. Where did he move to the following year? (locate on a map) //**Port Royal**// 6. What group of people later occupied the area of Port Royal? //**Arcadians**// 7. What was the purpose of the Order of Good Cheer? //**To keep spirits up**// 8. Where did Champlain next settle? //**Quebec**// 9. What was the Habitation? a port set up by Champlain in //**Quebec**// 10. With whom did Champlain make alliances? //**Hurons, Ilgonquians, Montagnais**// 11. Who became his enemy? **//I////roquois//** 12. What nickname is given to Champlain and why? //**Father of New France. He found New France**//

Who’s who in New France 1. Name the King who created the colony of New France. //**Louis XIV (14th)**// 2. What were the three main positions in the government of New France and what areas did each person have control over? //**Bishop - Head of Roman Catholic Church. Intendant - Responsible for daily running of colony. Governor - Responsible for defense of colony**// 3. What legal system did the colony have? //**Same as France**// 4. Who were the filles du roi and why were the important to the colony? //**Women sent by kings to find husbands to increase population.**// 5. What occupation did the coureurs de bois have? //**Young men who lived like natives and worked in the fur trade.**// 6. What was the name of the system for dividing up land in New France? Describe how the land was split up under this system. - King owned the Land. Maintained by Segineurs who where wealthy, important citizens. Then the land was returned to the Habitants. Habitants used it for farming. The land were long strips of land along the banks of St. Lawrence River.//** 7. Who were the Habitants? //**Settlers who live on Seigneur's property. Farmed on it and ususally payed him with food.**// 8. What were names of the three main towns in New France? //**Montreal, Quebec, Trois-Riveres.**// 9. What was the easiest form of transportation during the warmers months? //**Canoe, large boats**// 10. Where did most people live in New France? //**St. Lawrence**// 11. What is a missionary? //**A person sent on a religious mission, especially one to promote Christianity in a foreign country.**// <span style="color: rgb(29, 76, 16); font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">
 * //__Seigneural System__

Aboriginal Project
Put your projects here:

1225052873
 * Cree**

Haida 1225682392

Blackfoot 1225684776

Nlaka Pamux 1225688664

Geography Unit Review
Click on the EDIT THIS PAGE button and add any useful information you have for reviewing the following topics. Once you are done editing, remember to click save on the editor tool bar.

What is geography?

Geography is the study of land forms and how humans interact with them.

What is a map?

An incomplete visual representation of an area to present a large amount of information effectively.

Properties of maps

Scale, Projection, Symbols/Legend

Longitude and Latitude

Latitude lines show are the lines that are parallel to each other which go North to South. And, longitude lines are the lines that travel East to West.

Scale

Shows that a certain length of the map represents a certain distance on Earth.

Elevation and Contour Lines

Elevation is the distance an object or location is above or below sea level. Contour Lines are connection points of equal elevation.

Precipitation, Temperature and Climographs Climographs show the amount of precipitation and the average temperature in one years span in a graph form

Symbols and Thematic Maps

Symbols are little pictures that represent things on the map. Thematic Maps are maps that show something other than regions and countries.

Ex. Agricultural, Natural resources, precipitation

Landforms

The different shapes on Earth's surface ex. hills, mountains

Water forms

The waters of the Earth as well as land ex. Bay, strait

Geographic Regions of North America:
Appalachian Region It is made up of many different mountain ranges formed about 300 million years ago. Also many deposits of coal, oil, gas can be found in sedimentary layers of rock. Its climate is affected by Labrador Current and the Gulf Stream. Labrador Current brings cold water from the arctic and Gulf stream brings warm water from the Caribbean and the coast of North America. Originally, It was heaily forested with mixed coniferous and deciduous trees.

Great Lakes & St Lawrence Lowlands

It has a rolling landscape created by glaciation. It has a humid continental climate. It is humid because of the Great Lakes. In summer the lakes cool the temperature and in winter it warms it up. Originally it was heavily treed with largest broad-leafed forests.

Canadian Shield

It consists of platform of rocks that stretches from Labrador, around Hudson Bay with chaotic pattern of rivers, swamps, and muskeg. Average elevation is about 100m above sea level in north, 500m in south. In north winters become increasingly long and cold, with summers becoming shorter and cooler. Boreal forest covers most of the Shield. They are small and weak, suited for pulp and paper industry.

Interior Plains

In US, it is divide into Central Lowland and Great Plains. Great Plains are higher than Central Lowland rising about 600m to 1500m above sea level. In Canada it had 3 different elevations. It has a continental climate which is far from the influence of the oceans. With little precipitation it has a climate of extremes. In Great Plains prairies grew and through north Boreal forests grew.

Intermountain Region

Rivers in the region flow into brackish lakes or disappear into dessert sinks. Winters can be cool and wet or hot and dry, depending on region. Both North and South portions have very little precipitations. Only plants that can survive in the desert conditions grow and in northern parts there are pine forests.

Western Cordillera

There are many different mountain ranges. Rivers of Rockies flow east to arctic ocean or Hudson Bay. It has a maritime climate. It is moist and mild. Winters are usually above freezing and summers are cooler in the interior of the continent. Lots of types of trees grow in the region. Giant sequoia, Douglas fir, western hemlock, etc.

Arctic Region

Regions near ocean is very flat and mountains are covered with glaciers. Its climate is very severe. Winter lasts ten months in far north with little precipitation. Only small shrubs and mosses can grow in Arctic Region.

Coastal Plains

Average elevation of less than 200m above sea level. Surface is mostly flat. It contains many swamps and marches. An important feature in the region is the Mississippi Delta. Its climate varies greatly, in north it is cold and snowy in winter with hot and humid summers. The southern portion is subjected to hurricanes and storms. Some plants have adapted to the sandy soil of the region.